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2021
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03
Ship repairs are divided into the following five types of repairs
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Annual repair, also called minor repair, is done once every 1 to 2 years. Passenger ships and reefer ships should have a shorter interval for annual repair, while general cargo ships and barges can have a longer interval. The ship's annual repair should be carried out in the shipyard dock (see dry dock, floating dock) or on the ship's row. The annual repair is mainly for maintenance, such as removing the attached marine life and repainting the hull, checking the propeller and rudder, measuring the tail shaft clearance, grinding the submarine valve, checking the main engine by lifting the cylinder, etc. The annual repair is usually carried out in combination with the annual inspection (see ship inspection), in which the surveyor carries out general appearance inspection on the hull and safety, life-saving, fire-fighting and lifting equipment, as well as more than 20 items such as power plant, electrical and communication and navigation equipment, etc. The defects are found and repaired so that the ship can maintain the technical conditions for safe navigation before the next annual repair.
The scope of repair is larger than that of yearly repair and is preventive in nature, which is also carried out in the shipyard or ship row. The overhaul is generally combined with special inspection, and the surveyor will carry out more than 40 items of disassembly, measurement and test on the hull and main equipment of the whole ship. According to the inspection results, those items that may affect the safe navigation until the next overhaul are repaired to ensure the service life of the ship.
Voyage repair for short, before the yearly repair or overhaul, the ship repair yard sends someone to the ship docked at the pier, anchorage or underway to assist the crew to remove the temporary malfunction to make the ship operate continuously.
Accident repair is carried out after a marine accident such as collision, grounding, fire, etc. or machine damage accident to eliminate the damage caused by the accident. The extent of damage to the ship and the scope of repair shall be inspected and identified by the ship inspection agency.
Modification and repair works are carried out to improve the performance of the ship or change the use of the ship. For example, the hull will be lengthened, the general ship will be changed to special ship, the power equipment will be changed from steam engine to diesel engine, etc. Changes involving the basic structure and main parameters of the ship shall be designed in advance and approved by the ship inspection agency.
In order to improve work efficiency, advanced ship maintenance technology and maintenance methods are commonly used in recent years, mainly: ① Adopt high-pressure water or high-pressure water sandblasting with pressure up to 500 kg force/cm to clean hull and remove rust, and the speed of rust removal reaches 2000 m/h; ② Adopt high-pressure airless paint spraying method with pressure of 200 kg force/cm to paint hull, and use hot air to dry if the climate is humid, The speed of spraying reaches 4000m/h; ③The use of segmented and segmented prefabricated method for hull plate replacement, the daily plate replacement volume of a single ship reaches 30~40 tons; ④The use of tools such as hydraulic rotary brush or pneumatic rotary brush operated by divers to clean and brush or overhaul the hull underwater, in order to solve the difficulties of repairing large ships in the absence of large docks, and can be carried out simultaneously with the loading and unloading of cargo to reduce the loss of stoppage caused by entering the dock; ⑤The use of alkaline solution to remove oil scale on electromechanical equipment, acidic solution to remove scale, neutral solution to clean electrical appliances, cleaning efficiency is greatly improved; ⑥ to large machine parts such as crankshaft, shaft system and rudder rod, etc., adopt the method of repairing in place on board or in dock without dismantling and transporting to workshop; ⑦ to precise machine parts such as automation device, governor, booster, etc., implement specialized repair; ⑧ to small and medium machine parts adopt the method of group exchange and repair, and the old parts are replaced according to the new standard. The old parts are repaired according to the standard of new system and then reused.
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